Now these two questions Does there exist a material reality distinct from sensible appearances? and What is the nature of reality? do not have their source in experimental method, which is acquainted only with sensible appearances and can discover nothing beyond them. The resolution of these questions transcends the methods used by physics; it is the object of metaphysics. Therefore, if the aim of physical theories is to explain experimental laws, theoretical physics is not an autonomous science; it is subordinate to metaphysics.

- Pierre Duhem

Collection: RealityCopy Quote

The physicist can never subject an isolated hypothesis to experimental test, but only a whole group of hypotheses.

- Pierre Duhem

Collection: ScienceCopy Quote

If the aim of physical theories is to explain experimental laws, theoretical physics is not an autonomous science; it is subordinate to metaphysics.

- Pierre Duhem

Collection: ScienceCopy Quote

The history of science alone can keep the physicist from the mad ambitions of dogmatism as well as the despair of pyrrhonian scepticism.

- Pierre Duhem

Collection: AmbitionCopy Quote